【资料名称】：LTE basic20120720

【资料作者】：风叶

【资料日期】：20120720

【资料语言】：英文

【资料格式】：PDF

【资料目录和简介】：

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Li Yajun
NEA/Data Application performance
LTE basic
2
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Agenda
• 3GPP standards & LTE
• E2E architecture
• LTE fundamentals
3
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3GPPstandards (1/3)
4
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3GPPstandards (2/3)
5
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3GPPstandards (3/3)
6
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3GPP Requirements For LTE
Spectrum efficiency
- DL : 3 -4 times HSDPA for MIMO(2,2)
- UL : 2 -3 times E-DCH for MIMO(1,2)
Frequency Spectrum:
- Scalable bandwidth : 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20MHz
- To cover all frequencies of IMT -2000: 450 MHz to 2.6 GHz
Peak data rate(scaling linearly with the spectrum allocation)
- DL : > 100Mb/s for 20MHz spectrum allocation
- UL : > 50Mb/s for 20MHz spectrum allocation
Capacity
- 200 users for 5MHz, 400 users in larger spectrum allocations (active state)
Latency
- C-plane : < 100ms to establish U -plane
- U-plane : < 10ms from UE to server
Coverage
- Performance targets up to 5km, slight degradation up to 30km
Mobility
- LTE is optimized for low speeds 0 -15km/h but
connection maintained for speeds up to 350 or 500km/h
- Handover between 3G & 3G LTE
- Real -time < 300ms
- Non -real -time < 500ms
7
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LTE Technology – Key Principles
• Larger peak rates and average throughput
• Through better error correction
• Sub -frequency selective allocation
• Interference mitigation at cell edge
• More powerful MIMO algorithms
• Macro diversity is no more needed
OFDM
Flat
Architecture
Low latency
RTT: 10 ms instead of 60 ms for HSPA
Transition time (cplane ) less than 100ms
200Ues / 5M, 400Ues for higher spectrum allocation
Backhaul based from day 1 on IP / MPLS transport
+
Node-B Node-B
Node-B
MSC
RNC
SGSN
PST
N
Internet
GGSN
aG
W
eNode-B eNode-B
Internet
PSTN
eNode-B
8
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Network Simplification: From 3GPP to 3GPP LTE
• 3GPP architecture
- 4 functional entities on the control
plane and user plane
- 3 standardized UP & CP interfaces
• 3GPP LTE architecture
- 2 functional entities on the user plane:
eNodeB and ASGW
- SGSN control plane functions => ASGW
& MME
- RNC control plane functions => MME &
eNodeB
- Less interfaces, some functions will
disappear
• 4 layers into 2 layers
- Evolve GGSN  integrated ASGW
- Moving SGSN functionalities to ASGW.
- RNC evolutions to RRM DB on a IP
distributed network for enhancing
mobility management.
- Part of RNC mobility function being
moved to ASGW & eNodeB
GGSN
SGSN
RNC
NodeB
ASGW
eNodeB
MMF
GGSN
SGSN
RNC
NodeB
Control plane User plane
ASGW
eNodeB
MMF
AGW
eNodeB
MME
Control plane User plane
9
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Agenda
• 3GPP standards & LTE
• E2E architecture
• LTE fundamentals
10
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LTE Architecture
• PS- Only System
• E - UTRAN is limited to a single node (E - NodeB)
• E - NodeB handles all radio access and control
functions
• MME: Mobility Management Entity
• Serving SAE GW: 3GPP anchor; 1 per UE

SGi
S4
S3
S1- MME
PCRF
S7
S6a
HSS
Operator’ s IP Services
(e.g. IMS, PSS etc.)
Rx+
S10
UE
GERAN
UTRAN
SGSN
“LTE-Uu ”
EUTRAN
MME
S11
S5Serving
SAE
Gateway
PDN
SAE
G atewayS1- U
PDN SAE GW: may or may not be collocated with
Serving SAE GW, Inter-system Anchor
PDN SAE GW Provides Access To PDNs
MME and Serving SAEGW may be collocated
S1-U: GTP based
S3, S4, S5 GTP based
11
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LTE Architecture cont'd
LTE -Uu
LTE -Uu
X2C
X2U
X2C
X2U
X2C
X2U
S1-MME
S1-MME
S1-MME
S1U
S1U
S1U
UE
UE
eNB
eNB
eNB
MME
AGW
IP Transport Network (IP Cloud)
X2C - X2 CplaneS1U - S1 Uplane
X2U - X2 UplaneS1-MME - S1 Cplane
AP - Access Point (for IP cloud)
eUTRAN EPC
AP
AP
AP
AP
AP
12
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LTE Architecture cont'd
LTE -Uu
LTE -Uu
X2C
X2U
X2C
X2U
X2C
X2U
S1-MME
S1-MME
S1-MME
S1U
S1U
S1U
UE
UE
eNB
eNB
eNB
MME
AGW
IP Transport Network (IP Cloud)
X2C - X2 CplaneS1U - S1 Uplane
X2U - X2 UplaneS1-MME - S1 Cplane
AP - Access Point (for IP cloud)
eUTRAN EPC
AP
AP
AP
AP
AP
13
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Agenda
• 3GPP standards & LTE
• E2E architecture
• LTE fundamentals
14
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LTE – synchonized communication network
synchronous network
• Time synchronizition
• Frame, subframe, time slot etc
• overhead to carry the allocation info
• Typical networks: satellite network, GSM etc
Asynchronous network
• Multiple access and contention resolution
• Frame with addressing info
• overhead of contention resolution
• Typical networks: Ethernet, Aloha, ad-hoc etc
15
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LTE TDD Frame
TD-LTE
>> 0/5: always DL for synchronization/broadcast
information for UE
>> 1/(6): special subframe as switching point between
DL/UL, length DwPTS+GP+UpPTS = 1ms
>> No special subframe for UL/DL switching point (TA
at UE instead to create necessary guard period)
16
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LTE TDD FRAME –cont'd
• TDD uses a Special subframe used
for the DL to UL switch.
- Special subframes carry DL
user/control data
- Rach channel and SRS signal
D S U U/D U/D D S/D U/D U/D U/D
Frame (10 ms)
Sub - frame (1 ms)
Time Division Duplex
DL/UL
Config
SPT DL:UL Ratio
Subframe number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5ms 1:3 D S U U U D S U U U
1 5ms 2:2 D S U U D D S U U D
2 5ms 3:1 D S U D D D S U D D
3 10ms 6:3 D S U U U D D D D D
4 10ms 7:2 D S U U D D D D D D
5 10ms 8:1 D S U D D D D D D D
6 5ms 3:5 D S U U U D S U U D
7 possible configurations allowing various DL/UL asymetry ratios
17
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LTE TDD FRAME –Zoom on S sub- frame
- “S” denotes a specialsubframe
- 3 fields
- Downlink pilot time slot ( DwPTS): usedfordownlink synchronization ,it can be used
to send PDSCH and scheduling grants on the PDCCH
- Uplink pilot time slot( UpPTS )zone:usedby nodeB to determine thereceived power
level,it can be used to send PRACH and SRS on the uplink.
- Guard Period: it ensures the transmission of UE withoutinterference between UL and
DL
D S U U/D U/D D S/D U/D U/D U/D
Frame (10 ms)
Sub - frame (1 ms)
Time Division Duplex
Secondary Sync. Signal
GP
User
Data
UpPTS
DwPTS
R
S
Primary Sync. Signal
Special SF
D
D
U
U
18
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LTE TDD FRAME –special subframe
= 1ms
in {#OFDM symbols]
Configuration applied depending on cell size
and coexistence requirements with legacy
TDD systems
Reminder:
LTE TDD: 5ms equals 10 slots/5 subframes
TD-SCDMA: 5ms equals 8 slots/1 subframe
Note:
Special Sub-Frame
Configuration 7 are
supported in our first release
5/7 configurations are
planned for TLA2.1
19
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DL physical channel & RE

PCFICH


PDCCH


PHICH


PBCH


PDSCH


CFI


DCI


HI


BCH


PCH


DL-SCH


Physical Channels

Transport Channels


Control Information


Logical Channels


DTCH


PCCH


DCCH


CCCH


BCCH


Logical / Transport / Physical channels


0 1
2 3
0
4 5
20
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OFDM (i.e. 3GPP LTE)
Data bits S
1
,S
2
,…S
n QAM S/P
Each symbol occupies a small
portion of the whole available
bandwidth (i.e. one sub- carrier)
…
From 1.4MHz
To 20MHz
OFDM (i.e. 3GPP LTE)
 Multiple low rate streams on N parallel Sub -carriers
 Each symbol occupies one sub -carrier, i.e. a small portion of the available
bandwidth
 Long symbol duration
 Reduced ISI => No equalization required, less complex receiver
RE-- OFDM(1)
Time
Long symbol duration
ODFM symbol =linear average of themodulatedsymbol
21
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RE – OFDM(2)
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
x 10
5
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
f
1/(2T)
4 5 6 7 8 9
x 10
5
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
f
1/T
 Frequency Division Multiplexing i.e. the sub- carriers are separated in
the frequency domain to ensureorthogonality
 OFDM: overlapping sub- carriers in the frequency domain ensures
higher spectral efficiency
22
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RE – OFDM(3)
 The general base- band signal of FDM is:
 For OFDM, f
m
=m/T so:
- S
m
= QAM modulated symbols
- Orthogonality between sub - carriers
( ) ∑
−
=
=
1
0
N
m
m
t x t x) ( carrier - sub mth on theedtransmitt signal) ( = t x
m
∑
−
=
≤ ≤ 





=
1
0
0 2
N
m
m
T t t
T
m
j s t x , exp ) ( π
dt t
T
l
j t
T
m
j t x t x
T
l m
) 2 exp( ). 2 exp( ) ( ) (
0
π π − ∝
∫
f
OFDM allows high density of carriers, without
generating ICI
null points (zero crossing)
23
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
time
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
frequency
S
m
RE – OFDM(4)
24
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DL
symb
N OFDM symbols
One downlink slot
slot
T
0 = l 1
DL
symb
− = N l
RB
sc
DL
RB
N N × subcarriers
RB
sc
N subcarriers
RB
sc
DL
symb
N N ×
Resource block
resource elements
Resource element ) , ( l k
0 = k
1
RB
sc
DL
RB
− = N N k
The scheduling unit is 1 subframe in time domain
Calculation of payload
Q: if eNB scheduled a 6RB to a UE, how
many bits the UE can received? Assume
the modulation is QPSK?
6 12 7 2 1008
assume QPSK, there is 2bits/RE
1008 2 2016
RE
if
payload bits
=× ××=
= ×=
Q1:where these numbers come from?
6 PRBs, 12 Sub Carriers, 7 Symbs, 2 Slots
1 RB = 12 sub carrierx 7(6) Symbols
1 Slot = 7(6) Symbols = 0.5ms
1TTI = 2 Slots = 1ms
BW of 1 RB = 12 * 15KHz = 180KHz
RB: Resource Block, RE: Resource Element
RE – OFDM(5)
25
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LTE OFDMA Transmitter /receiver(DL)
DL Physical channel processing
01011 … 11001 …
26
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Frequency
RE – OFDM(6)
Sub -carrier spacing = Δf
Power
N-OFDM Symbol
duration
Bandwidth
User#1 User#2 User#3 User#4
27
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Downlink signals & channels
 Adownlink physical channelcorresponds to a set of resource elements
carrying information originating from higher layers . The following
downlink physical channels are defined
• PDSCH - Physical Downlink Shared Channel,
• PBCH - Physical Broadcast Channel,
• PMCH - Physical Multicast Channel,
• PCFICH - Physical Control Format Indicator Channel,
• PDCCH - Physical Downlink Control Channel,
• PHICH - Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel
 Adownlink signal corresponds to a set of resource elementsused by
the physical layer but does not carry information originating from higher
layers. The following downlink physical signals are defined:
• Reference signal
• Synchronization signal
eNode-B
28
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PCFICH– Resource Mapping
For instance, 5MHz BW, # DL Resource blocks = 25
(= 25x12 sub -carriers = 25x12x15 kHz)
k
0
= 0,k
1
= 72,k
2
= 150,k
3
= 222
 16 symbols
 4 quadruplets
 Resource-element group
29
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PDCCH (3GPP TS 36.211 ch 6.8.5)
0 mod = n i
- resource-element groups NOT assigned to PCFICH
or PHICH
- mapping: increase order of first l , thenk
- l < CFI, in subframe
0 mod = n i
A PDCCH consisting ofconsecutive CCEs may only
start on a CCE fulfilling,
where is the CCE number. i
 
9/
REG CCE
N N =
PCFICH
PHICH
PDCCH
30
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PHICH – Resource mapping
For example, 5MHz BW downlink, 25 resource blocks,
Cell ID = 0,
normal PHICH duration l = 0, the 1
st
OFDM symbol
i
n
m’(i = 0)
m’ + 15 ( i = 1)
m’ + 30 ( i = 2)
=
m’ is PHICH group number
2 PHICH groups for example
m’ = 0
m’ = 1
 12 symbols per PHICH
 3 quadruplets per
PHICH
 Resource-element group
31
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0 = l
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
6 = l 0 = l
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
6 = l
On ea n te n n ap or t Twoa n t e n ap or t s
Resource element( k ,l )
Not used for transmission on this antenan port
Reference symbols on this antenna port
0 = l
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
6 = l 0 = l
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
6 = l 0 = l
1
R
1
R
1
R
1
R
6 = l 0 = l
1
R
1
R
1
R
1
R
6 = l
0 = l
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
6 = l 0 = l
0
R
0
R
0
R
0
R
6 = l 0 = l
1
R
1
R
1
R
1
R
6 = l 0 = l
1
R
1
R
1
R
1
R
6 = l
F ou ra nt e n nap o rt s
0 = l 6 = l 0 = l
2
R
6 = l 0 = l 6 = l 0 = l 6 = l
2
R
2
R
2
R
3
R
3
R
3
R
3
R
even- numbered slots odd - numbered slots
Antenna port 0
even- numbered slots odd - numbered slots
Antenna port 1
even- numbered slots odd - numbered slots
Antenna port 2
even- numbered slots odd - numbered slots
Antenna port 3
Reference Signals: resource mapping for multiple
antenna port
Reference Pattern for PDSCH format (e.g 1RB)
For example in the following slides
Resource elements (k ,l ) used for reference
signal transmission on any of the antenna
ports in a slot shall notbe used for any
transmission on any other antenna port in the
same slot and set to zero.
32
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LTE Downlink: Summary
t
f
Physical Resource Block (PRB)
= 14 OFDM Symbols x 12
Subcarrier = 168 RE
This is the minimum unit of
allocation in LTE
first 1..3 OFDM symbols* reserved
for L1/L2 control signaling
(PCFICH, PDCCH, PHICH)
one
OFDM
symbol
Subcarrier
Resource Element is a
single subcarrier in an
OFDM symbol
Slot (0.5 ms)
Sub -frame (1 ms)
Slot (0.5 ms)
15 kHz
PRB
Sub -frame
* 2..4 symbols for 1.4 MHz bandwidth only
Referencesignal is
spread in the time -frequency plane
33
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Agenda
• 3GPP standards & LTE
• E2E architecture
• LTE fundamentals – LTE in UE eyes
34
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From UE Power - up to Active Connection
Acquisition
Power-up
Idle
Access
Registration
Traffic
LTE
Network
Frequency/Timing acquisition
p-SCH, s-SCH & Reference Signal
Cell Id determination
Cell search procedure
SIB message
CCPCH/PDSCH
Message from UE (origination, registration, …)
PRACH/PUSCH
Registration procedure
PDSCH/PUSCH
DL traffic
PDSCH
UL traffic
PUSCH
35
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Access Network & SU Acquisition
Frequency Acquisition
eNode-B
Timing Acquisition
Cell Id Identification
SU Acquisition
UE Power-up Scalable bandwidth
Symbol Frame
Cell Id Group Cell Id
Scheduling Units System Information blocks
LTE -Uu
36
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LTE PhCh(s) For UE Network Acquisition
eNode-B
Slot & Sub-frame
synchronization
Frame
synchronization
Cell -specific
Identifier
Broadcast
information
37
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Frequency Acquisition
eNode- B
72 sub- carriers
Sub - carriers for data
UE SCH detection over a
1.4/3/5/10/15/20MHz
spectrum
SCH in 1.25MHz/72 sub -carriers
BCH in 1.25MHz/72 sub-carriers
1.4/3/5/10/15/20MHz spectrum
Detect spectrum center
& 1.25MHz spectrum
SCH & BCH frequency
reception
SCH & BCH band
1.25MHz spectrum
BCH information
reception
Data transmission on
assigned spectrum
provided by System
Information
38
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Sub - frameTiming Acquisition
Frame
TS0
SF1
TS1 TS2 TS3
SF0 SF5 SF9
TS10 TS11 TS18 TS19
10ms
1ms
0.5ms
Sb0 Sb1 Sb2
Sb
N
DL
-2
Sb
N
DL
-1
…….. ……..
…….. ……..
Sb0 Sb1 Sb2
Sb
N
DL
-2
Sb
N
DL
-1
0.5ms
Primary -SCH Primary -SCH
*Maximum N
DL
value depending on normal or extended cyclic prefix
 p-SCH on3rdOFDM symbol of slots2& 12 in 1st & 6thsub -frame of each frame
TS12
39
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FrameAcquisition
Frame
TS0
SF1
TS1 TS2 TS3
SF0 SF5 SF9
TS10 TS11 TS18 TS19
10ms
1ms
0.5ms
Sb0 Sb1 Sb2
Sb
N
DL
-2
Sb
N
DL
-1
…….. ……..
…….. ……..
Sb0 Sb1 Sb2
Sb
N
DL
-2
Sb
N
DL
-1
0.5ms
Frame
TS0
SF1
TS1 TS2 TS3
SF0 SF5 SF9
TS10 TS11 TS18 TS19
Sb0 Sb1 Sb2
Sb
N
DL
-2
Sb
N
DL
-1
…….. ……..
…….. ……..
Sb0 Sb1 Sb2
Sb
N
DL
-2
Sb
N
DL
-1
Secondary-SCH Secondary-SCH Secondary-SCH Secondary-SCH
 s-SCH ondifferent slot of p -SCH
 s-SCH onthelast OFDM symbol of slots 0 & 10 in 1st & 6thsub -frame of each
frame
 s-SCH carries one of the 168unique cell group identifiers
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From s- SCH to Cell Identity
Secondary-SCH
(transmitted over center 72 sub -carriers in 2d last OFDM symbol of
slot 0 & 10 of 1st & 6th sub - frames of
each frame)
1
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
170
Cell Group Id
(Pseudo -Random
Sequence)
Cell Id
(Orthogonal sequence)
1
2
3
4
5
6
.
.
.
508
509
510
 BCH decoded by UE with cell identifier sent by reference signal
 To minimize UE search window & incorrect synchronization issues, the reference signal info
aligned with CCPCH is needed
 Reference signal from each cell identified by product of one of the 170 Cell Group Id(s) and
one of the 3 Cell Id
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System Information
eNode-B
SIB (SU) onPDSCH
SIB (SU-1) on PDSCH/DL -SCH
• Bandwidth
• SFN
• …
Scheduling info indicating
Starting Time for SIBs with
same periodicity
• PLMN Id
• Tracking area
code
• Cell identity
• Cell baring
status
Scheduling info for
other SU
SIB mapping info
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BCCH Transmission
eNode-B
QPSK Encode Cell Id
Resource
mapping
Defined by 3GPP
Standard
Symbols
RB for BCCH
definedby 3GPP
Standard
One of the 510 cell
identifiers
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SIB Transmission
Sib1:Cell access related parameters, scheduling information
Sib2:Common and shared channel configuration
Sib3:Common cell reselection information and intra-frequency cell reselection
parameters other than theneighbouring cell information
Sib4:Intra -frequencyneighbouring cell information
0 1
2 3
0
4 5
1 6 7
8 9
2
10 11
PDCCH SI -RNTI
0
1
0
2
1 3
4
2
5
PDSCH resource
SI
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Random Access Procedure Overview
eNode-B
4. Contention Resolution
Preamble consists
of 6 bits of data
2. Random Access Response
1. Random Access Preamble
3. Scheduled Transmission
Random ID plus other info (i.e. cause/size with priority,
pathloss/CQI for UL resource allocation) on RACH
Response on DL -SCH
• Random Access Preamble id
• Initial UL grant
•Temporary C-RNTI
(for one or multiple UEs)
On CCCH with HARQ
• Variable -size message
consisting of UE Id, C-RNTI
• NAS message can be
associated with scheduled
transmission
On DL-SCH & supports
HARQ
UE HARQ feedback
when its Id matches
with UE Id echoes in
RRC Contention
Resolution message
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Random access channel
 The random access channel (RACH) is used during initial access, handoff, or when uplink
synchronization is lost
 UE sends a RACH preamble on physical random access preamble (PRACH)
 UE first obtains downlink timing from SCH, then sends RACH preamble (non-synchronized)
 eNB detects timing preamble and sends a timing advance command to time synchronize UE
 Gap time reflects the timing
uncertainty due to round trip
propagation delay
 CP is used to allow frequency
domain processing, and must cover
the round trip propagation delay as
well as the delay spread
 Formats #2 and #3 offer a 2 x 0.8ms
preamble repetition to improve
detection performance in poor
channel conditions
 ∆ f
RA
= 1/0.8ms = 1.25 kHz
sensitivity to doppler shift from high
speed UEs (greater than ~120 km/hr)
CP Zadoff -Chu (ZC) Sequence
Tcp Tse q Tgap
RA slot
Preamble format

Comments
0
For normal cell (cell radius <15km)
1

For large cell. For large cell (e.g. cell
rad ius up to 100km)
2

Preamble is repeated. For large cell (e.g.
cell radius up to 30km)and high- speed
mobility environment
3

Preamble is repeated. For large ce ll (e.g.
cell radius up to 100km)and high - speed
mobility environment
4
(frame structure type 2
only)

For normal cell(depending on TDD
configuration, around 1~2km)
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Preamble
estimated cellradius Nroot Ncyclic
<1.87km 1 64
1.87~3.75km 2 32
3.75~7.5km 4 16
7.5~15km 8 8
15~30km 16 4
30~60km 32 2
>60km 64 1
 The random access preambles are generated fromZadoff -Chu sequences
with zero correlation zone, generated from one or several root Zadoff - Chu
sequences.There are 64 preambles available in each cell.
 The set of 64 preamble sequences in a cell is found by including first, in the
order of increasing cyclic shift, all the available cyclic shifts of a root Zadoff -Chu
sequence with the logical index RACH_ROOT_SEQUENCE.
 Additional preamble sequences, in case 64 preambles cannot be generated
from a single root Zadoff -Chu sequence, are obtained from the root sequences
with the consecutive logical indexes until all the 64 sequences are found.
( ) 1 0 ,
ZC
) 1 (
ZC
− ≤ ≤ =
+
−
N n e n x
N
n un
j
u
π
) mod ) (( ) (
ZC ,
N C n x n x
v u v u
+ =
The number of the cyclic shifts depend on the value of N
cs
The more the root sequence number, the more complexity
C
v
is related to N
cs
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Random Access Procedure Overview
eNode-B
4. Contention Resolution
Preamble consists
of 6 bits of data
2. Random Access Response
1. Random Access Preamble
3. Scheduled Transmission
Random ID plus other info (i.e. cause/size with priority,
pathloss/CQI for UL resource allocation) on RACH
Response on DL -SCH
• Random Access Preamble id
• Initial UL grant
•Temporary C-RNTI
(for one or multiple UEs)
On CCCH with HARQ
• Variable -size message
consisting of UE Id, C-RNTI
• NAS message can be
associated with scheduled
transmission
On DL-SCH & supports
HARQ
UE HARQ feedback
when its Id matches
with UE Id echoes in
RRC Contention
Resolution message
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Always on
GW Peer
Entity
UE eNB
SAE Bearer Service
SAE Radio BS SAE Access BS
End -to -end Service
External BS
Radio Gi
SAE Internet
Phys.Radio BS Physical BS
S1
E-UTRAN EPC
Application
end -to -end QoS
LTE network
end -to -end QoS
(SAE bearer QoS)
eUTRAN QoS:
- SAE RB QoS
- S1U/X2U QoS
eUTRAN Phys QoS:
- LTE -Uu QoS
- Transport QoS
QoS
Control
and
Management
eUTRAN QoS EPC QoS
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UE status
MME
PCRF
SGW
PDN GW
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eNode-B
Carries DL resource
assignment on L1/L2
control channel (PDCCH)
Reported on PUCCH or
PUSCH: provides channel
state info and info to select
MIMO mode
UE
Downlink Schedule
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- Modulation and Coding (MC): attempts to choose the modulation and coding scheme
(per codeword) which results in the best throughput for the scheduled user’s current RF
condition as influenced by both signal fading and interference variations
- Error rate control (BLER control): monitors the actual error rate performance of
each user (through ACK/NACK events) and dynamically adjusts the SINR thresholds use
in the AMC scheme in order to ensure the desired error rate is achieved (i.e. 10% or
20% initial transmission BLER with HARQ)
- MIMO mode selection :selects spatial multiplexing or transmit diversity in the DL
based on CQI/PMI/RI feedback from the UE
DL Data Transmission-- schedule
- CQI feedback from the UE is used to derive DL SINR(40dB dynamic range with ¼ dB granularity), which indicates RF condition of the UE
- CQI feedback is on per codeword basis with closed loop MIMO
- Wideband CQI: provides RF condition measurements over the entire band
- Sub -band CQI: provides frequency selectivity measurements
- High speed UE (> 25 km/h) handling: sub -band CQI becomes inaccurate, wideband CQI report isused to derive an average SINR
across the entire spectrum
- Fine tuning of rate determination from CQI through BLER control, which adjusts the estimated SINR when consulting the MCS
look up table (corrects for inaccuracies to e.g. user speed)
- Based on filtered BLER measurements from ACK/NACK feedback, compared to a BLER targetwhich depends on the configured
HARQ operating point (i.e. 10% initial transmission BLER)
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Modulation and coding scheme and redundancy version
Indicated by
PDCCH
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Transmissio
n mode
DCI format Search Space Transmissionscheme of PDSCH
corresponding to PDCCH
Mode 1
DCI format 1A Common and
UE specific by C-RNTI
Single -antenna port, port 0
DCI format 1 UE specific by C-RNTI
Single-antenna port, port 0
Mode 2
DCI format 1A Common and
UE specific by C-RNTI
Transmit diversity
DCI format 1 UE specific by C-RNTI
Transmit diversity
Mode 3
DCI format 1A Common and
UE specific by C-RNTI
Transmit diversity
DCI format 2A UE specific by C-RNTI
Large delay CDD (see subclause 7.1.3)or Transmit
diversity
Mode 4
DCI format 1A Common and
UE specific by C-RNTI
Transmit diversity
DCI format 2 UE specific by C-RNTI
Closed-loop spatial multiplexing or Transmit diversity
Mode 7
DCI format 1A Common and
UE specific by C-RNTI
If the number of PBCH antenna ports is one,Single -antenna port, port 0 is used otherwiseTransmit diversity
DCI format 1 UE specific by C-RNTI
Single-antenna port; port 5
Mode 8
DCI format 1A Common and
UE specific by C-RNTI
If the number of PBCH antenna ports is one,Single -antenna port, port 0 is used, otherwiseTransmit diversity
DCI format 2B UE specific by C-RNTI
Dual layer transmission; port 7 and 8 or single -antenna
port; port 7 or 8
Transmission Mode
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DL Data Transmission
eNode-B
UE1
UE2
UE1
1. PUCCH / ReportedCQIs
1. PUCCH / Reported CQIs
Scheduler
3. Control Information (PDCCH)
Data transmission (PDSCH)
4. PUCCH / Ack-Nack
2. Scheduling decision
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